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KMID : 0376619920170040273
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Seoul Journal of Psychiatry
1992 Volume.17 No. 4 p.273 ~ p.286
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Psychoneuroimmune Mediating Mechanisms between Psyche and Soma
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Abstract
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There is growing evidence suggesting that stressful events may siginficantly affect the body's resistance to infections, allergy, autoimmune, and neoplasti diseases. And recent research suggests that such effects are mediated through the immune
system.
A large body of evidence points toward bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the immune system : the immune system receives signals from the brain and the neuroendocrine system via the autonomic system and hormones
and
sends
information to the brain via cytokines.
@ES The present article reviews studies on the mediating mechanisms between stress and immune functions and the author summarize as follows:
@EN 1. The two major routes by which the central nervous system can signal lymphoid organs are the hypothalamus - pituitary neuroendocrine axis and the autonmic nervous system.
2. Hyothalamus is at the interface bet ween the brain and a range of critcial peripheral regulatory functions, and integrates endocrine and neural influences on immune function.
3. Corticotropin releasing hormone in the brain stimulate the pituary-adrenal axis to eevate plasma corticosteroids and stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to release of peripheral catecholamine, which result in immuosuppression.
4. Stress readily elevate circulating corticosteriods and steroids are well known to suppress immune responses, but the influences of stress on immunity are mediated not only by corticosteroids but also by other several hormones such as opioid
pepties,
growth hormone, and prolactin.
5. cAMP and cGMP levels of cell membrane are related with important part of immune functions in stress.
6. The autonomic nerfous system influence immune responsiveness through nerve fibers that innervate the lymphoid and the adrenal medulla.
The presence of noradrenergic innervation of lymphoid tissues suggests that these nerves may serve as an important link between the nervous system and immune function.
7. The immune system sends informations to the brain via cytokines released by immune cells. This connection appears to be part of a long-loop regulatory feedback system.
In view of the large body of literature concerning immune-regulatory actions of neurotransmitters. Neuropetides and adrenal-derived hormones, it would be unrealistic to ascribe the immuno-regulatory function to a single neurotransmitter or
pituitary/adrenal hormone. The influence on the immune system may be determined by the outcome of the concerted action of these agents released after perception of stressful stimuli.
Although there is an abundance of literature supporting the relationships between stress and immune reaction, relationships between stress and immune reaction, psychoneuroimmunology is still in its infance. But psychoneuroimmunologic research has
for
increasing our understanding of how stressful psychosocial factors can influence the incidence of certain disease in humans.
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